Are tech titans teetering atop the market in a dangerous way?

But should we fear that a new tech bubble is ready to burst? Here are some questions and answers about the sector:

WHAT DOES THE TECH SECTOR REPRESENT ON WALL STREET?

Apple ended the formal trading week worth a history-making US$1 trillion. Meanwhile, four other tech firms rounded out a list of the five most valuable companies based on share prices.

Amazon was worth US$889 billion; Google-parent Alphabet was valued at US$856 billion; Microsoft weighed in at US$828 billion, and Facebook was valued at US$513 billion.

Together, these companies account for about 20 per cent of US GDP, and more than Germany’s entire GDP.

Combined, the tech stocks account for more than 25 per cent of the value of the Standard & Poor’s 500, the index that includes the 500 largest companies listed in the United States.

They are some of the richest companies in the world. Picture: Damien MeyerSource:AFP

IS THIS MARKET DOMINATION TROUBLING?

At the end of 1999, a few months before the infamous dot.com internet bubble burst, the five biggest companies on the stock market (Microsoft, General Electric, Cisco, Walmart and Intel) accounted for 15.5 per cent of US GDP, AJ Bell investment director Russ Mould recalled in a note.

“Anyone who owned those stocks at the market top suffered some serious portfolio pain,” Mould said.

“They lost money on those five names for the next decade.” He made it clear he was not predicting market woes for “FAANG” stocks — those of Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google.

“However, it does warn against the dangers of blindly assuming that what is working now will work forever and that paying any price for a stock will be rewarded,” Mould said.

Nate Thooft of Manulife Asset Management told AFP that there was “no shortage of arguments” on why shares in those companies would continue to do well, but he saw wisdom in reducing “exposure a bit” to reduce risk.

WHAT IS DIFFERENT FROM THE BUBBLE 20 YEARS AGO?

Investors at that time hurled money at just about any start-up with a website, even if it wasn’t clear exactly how a given company was going to make money.

“Most of those companies had no earnings, a lot of them had no sales; they were still selling at huge valuation levels,” said Tower Bridge Advisors portfolio manager Maris Ogg.

“Everyone was anticipating what the internet and the tech would do. They were about 20 years too early.” Since the dot.com crash, venture capitalists have shied away from start-ups that don’t have convincing plans to become profitable.

The crash also gave rise to “a lot of healthy scepticism” about big tech companies, according to Ogg.

Plenty of observers have been warning of high valuations lately. Picture: Emmanuel DunandSource:AFP

There is also a renewed focus on the ratio between share price and company profit, a key investing consideration that was neglected in the early 2000s.

Amazon appears to be an exception, but it has a winning record of taking on new markets, and spending heavily upfront to “disrupt” the status quo in the long run.

WHAT ARE THE MAIN RISKS THREATENING THE SECTOR?

Tech titans such as Google and Facebook have become such formidable forces that they are prime targets for regulation or fines, which could slow growth or hurt profits.

Maris said investors should be mindful to routinely rebalance their portfolios to avoid them becoming too heavy with fast-growing tech firm shares. After all, any internet firm can be eclipsed by a young start-up.

“Every technology company remains vulnerable to being disrupted by a slightly more clever version of itself,” BlackRock Global Allocation Team portfolio manager Russ Koesterich said in a blog post.

For example, he noted, at the time of the financial crisis Nokia had a 45 per cent share of the smartphone market, the iPhone was just a year old and Facebook was a baby.

“The overall sector continues to be extraordinarily profitable, and, despite rumours to the contrary, reasonably valued,” Koesterich said.